The safety management system (SMS) is part of the business processes of the organisation and is not just a paper-based system specifically developed for demonstrating compliance with the regulatory framework. The ERA identifies that “the purpose of the SMS is to ensure that the organisation achieves its business objectives in a safe manner and complies with all of the safety obligations that apply to it” and that “Adopting a structured approach enables the identification of hazards and the continuous management of risks related to an organisation’s own activities, with the aim of preventing accidents.” Having a comprehensive SMS will help to ensure that an organisation can control the risks associated with its activities under a range of conditions. The elements of the SMS can be observed to apply a Plan-Do-Check-Act (PDCA) cycle.
(ERA Site: https://www.era.europa.eu/activities/safety-management-system_en)
The SMS should be a living set of arrangements which grows in maturity and develops as the organisation which it serves does so. A way to Safety management is to take into consideration human and organisational factors and safety culture. This is a requirement in some areas of legislation, such as the Common Safety Methods on Safety Management System Requirements (2018/762).
The directive on railway safety (2016/798) and the Common Safety Methods on Safety Management System Requirements (2018/762) are European documents which define and explain how an SMS must be living and this includes consideration of human and organisational factors.
The model used in the European Standard is from ISO 45001 an extended form of the Deming’s PDCA where risk management and learning from safety events lead to process and activity adaptations.
What are the key HOF issues? In 2015, SNCF launched a major safety program (called PRISME) to improve its overall safety performance. As baseline of this program, the company has deployed a Just & Fair (J&F)...
What are the key HOF issues? In 2020, SNCF became a unified public group composed by several anonymous companies. Given the status change, it was important to provide a common and unique definition of Safety Culture...
What are the key HOF issues? Training is a key aspect in the cultural transformation and the improvement of the safety culture. The Renfe Group has designed in its e-learning...
What are the key HOF issues? The Strategic Plan of Renfe contains an ambitious transformation programme based on digitalisation and safety culture. A key aspect of the programme is the development of a confidential...
What are the key HOF issues? With the influx of HOF specialists in 2008, the Traction Department (SNCF Voyageurs) has undertaken in-depth work to develop the non-technical skills of train drivers. Our work was based on...
What are the key HOF issues? Despite the ongoing efforts from industry to improve safety and performance, there is an indication that we are now seeing diminishing returns in investments into improvements that the rail...
What are the key HOF issues? The Safety Management Intelligence System, known to many as SMIS, is the rail industry’s on-line health and safety reporting and business intelligence software. It collects and provides...
What are the key HOF issues? When we are talking about a "Human Factors" approach, generally we are positively received at the beginning. First, there is curiosity, a desire to know quite more about this new point of...
What are the key HOF issues? Present day An EXPRO meeting is a monthly organised multidisciplinary meeting. The meeting is commonly organised by the department of Safety Culture. It revolves around the discussion of...
What are the key HOF issues? The aim of a comprehensive handling of safety incidents is to find the root causes of the incident. Once these are known, development measures can be planned and implemented to prevent...
What are the key HOF issues? The immediate cause of signals passed at danger is often a lapse in concentration by a driver on approach to the signal. This can mean that the obvious focus for an investigation is on the...
What are the key HOF issues? Great Britain’s National Freight Safety Group (NFSG) identified a lack of understanding on the condition of freight vehicles prior to their entry to the rail network from freight yards....
What are the key HOF issues? Irish Rail identified a need to refresh our senior managers on safety leadership, to highlight the importance of leading by example and to create awareness of the pivotal role of leaders in...
https://www.iso.org/standard/63787.html
https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A32016L0798
https://www.orr.gov.uk/media/10885
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Fw3SwEXc3PU
https://skybrary.aero/enhancing-safety/just-culture/about-just-culture/just-culture-manifesto
https://skybrary.aero/articles/risk-management
https://www.orr.gov.uk/media/15720
https://www.rssb.co.uk/standards-catalogue/CatalogueItem/ris-3119-tom-iss-3
https://www.era.europa.eu/activities/common-safety-methods_en ERA
Abstract: This chapter focuses on a systems-based technique for accident analysis, referred to as the AcciMap approach." The technique involves the construction ofa multilayered diagram in which the various causes of...
Abstract: Risk management has a number of accident causation models that have been used for a number of years. Dr. Nancy Leveson (2002) has developed a new model of accidents using a systems approach. The new model is...
Abstract: In order to manage the performance of socio-technical systems in a safe and sustainable way, the importance of looking at human and organisational factors (HOF) and their contribution to adverse events is...
https://www.orr.gov.uk/guidance-compliance/rail/health-safety/strategy/rm3
https://www.eurocontrol.int/project/human-performance EUROCONTROL
https://www.rssb.co.uk/safety-and-health/improving-safety-health-and-wellbeing/understanding-human-factors/applying-human-factors-to-improve-performance RSSB
https://www.era.europa.eu/activities/safety-culture_en#meeting5 ERA
https://www.era.europa.eu/safety-culture-model/ ERA
https://www.era.europa.eu/activities/safety-culture/safety-leadership ERA
https://www-pub.iaea.org/MTCD/Publications/PDF/Pub882_web.pdf INSAG No. 4
https://www.shop-etf.com/en/towards-a-positive-railway-safety-culture UIC
https://www.eurocontrol.int/publication/understanding-safety-culture-air-traffic-management EUROCONTROL
https://www.orr.gov.uk/guidance-compliance/rail/health-safety/strategy/rm3
https://www.era.europa.eu/sites/default/files/activities/docs/introduction_to_european_railway_safety_culture_model_en.pdf ERA
https://issuu.com/railpro/docs/rp_dec21_issue_278_issuu_pre-press
https://issuu.com/railpro/docs/rp_oct21_issue_276_issuu_final?fr=sYTI1NTI2NDYxNjI&mc_cid=6020eaa4bf&mc_eid=7a3fcb6fe4
Abstract: The objective of this paper is to present the human factors training methodology in Adif and its theoretical bases. This methodology represents a different way of understanding safety, more focused on what to...
Studying organisational cultures and their effects on safety Abstract: How do organisational cultures influence safety? To answer this question requires a strategy for investigating organisational culture. By far the...
Abstract: Objective: What is the influence of general management trends and safety research on managing safety? Method: A literature study which is limited to original English and Dutch books, documents, and articles...
Just culture Skybrary
Patient Safety HAS (Haute autorité de Santé)
Addressing cultural aspects of organisations in high risk industries
Safety Culture Railway Association of Canada (RAC)
Safety Culture ERA official site
Towards the European Railway Safety Culture Model Abstract In 2017, the European Union Agency for Railways launched an ambitious programme to foster the development of a positive safety culture across European...
The Essentials of Safety Culture ICSI
Leadership in Safety Working group Leadership in safety (ICSI)
Human and Organizational Factors of Safety - State of the art FONCSI
https://www.era.europa.eu/safety-culture-model/#en
What are Human Factors? Human Factors is one of those terms that everybody has heard of, but the full scope of what human factors covers isn’t always obvious. Human Factors (the American term), ergonomics (the UK...
https://www.railpro.co.uk/may-2021/what-is-a-safety-culture-anyway RAIL Professional
https://www.sparkrail.org/Lists/Records/DispForm.aspx?ID=24183
https://www.sparkrail.org/Lists/Records/DispForm.aspx?ID=22292 Abstract: The aim of this guide is to provide practical information and advice on how to create a culture of continuous safety improvement and to reduce...
Online Launch of the European Rail Safety Climate Survey
ERA - Activities - Safety Management System - Human and Organisational Factors (HOF)
How to organise the integration of human and organisational factors: the implementation of a network of specialists at SNCF
Organisational and human aspects of safety at border crossings
What are the key HOF issues? In 2015, SNCF launched a major safety program (called PRISME) to improve its overall safety performance. As baseline of this program, the company has deployed a Just & Fair (J&F) approach to create a climate of trust...
What are the key HOF issues? In 2020, SNCF became a unified public group composed by several anonymous companies. Given the status change, it was important to provide a common and unique definition of Safety Culture for the entire SNCF group. By...
What are the key HOF issues? Training is a key aspect in the cultural transformation and the improvement of the safety culture. The Renfe Group has designed in its e-learning platform the course “CREATING A SAFETY...
What are the key HOF issues? The Strategic Plan of Renfe contains an ambitious transformation programme based on digitalisation and safety culture. A key aspect of the programme is the development of a confidential reporting system of near misses that...
What are the key HOF issues? With the influx of HOF specialists in 2008, the Traction Department (SNCF Voyageurs) has undertaken in-depth work to develop the non-technical skills of train drivers. Our work was based on the scientific definition of...
What are the key HOF issues? Despite the ongoing efforts from industry to improve safety and performance, there is an indication that we are now seeing diminishing returns in investments into improvements that the rail industry makes. It is important...
What are the key HOF issues? The Safety Management Intelligence System, known to many as SMIS, is the rail industry’s on-line health and safety reporting and business intelligence software. It collects and provides access to information on thousands of...
What are the key HOF issues? When we are talking about a "Human Factors" approach, generally we are positively received at the beginning. First, there is curiosity, a desire to know quite more about this new point of view. In a second time, our...
What are the key HOF issues? Present day An EXPRO meeting is a monthly organised multidisciplinary meeting. The meeting is commonly organised by the department of Safety Culture. It revolves around the discussion of operational incidents or accidents....
What are the key HOF issues? The aim of a comprehensive handling of safety incidents is to find the root causes of the incident. Once these are known, development measures can be planned and implemented to prevent similar incidents or to reduce the...
What are the key HOF issues? The immediate cause of signals passed at danger is often a lapse in concentration by a driver on approach to the signal. This can mean that the obvious focus for an investigation is on the actions (or inactions) of the...
What are the key HOF issues? Great Britain’s National Freight Safety Group (NFSG) identified a lack of understanding on the condition of freight vehicles prior to their entry to the rail network from freight yards. RSSB’s Annual Health and Safety Report...
What are the key HOF issues? Irish Rail identified a need to refresh our senior managers on safety leadership, to highlight the importance of leading by example and to create awareness of the pivotal role of leaders in shaping the safety culture of the...
https://www.iso.org/standard/63787.html
https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A32016L0798
https://www.orr.gov.uk/media/10885
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Fw3SwEXc3PU
https://skybrary.aero/enhancing-safety/just-culture/about-just-culture/just-culture-manifesto
https://skybrary.aero/articles/risk-management
https://www.orr.gov.uk/media/15720
https://www.rssb.co.uk/standards-catalogue/CatalogueItem/ris-3119-tom-iss-3
https://www.era.europa.eu/activities/common-safety-methods_en ERA
Abstract: This chapter focuses on a systems-based technique for accident analysis, referred to as the AcciMap approach." The technique involves the construction ofa multilayered diagram in which the various causes of an accident are arranged according...
Abstract: Risk management has a number of accident causation models that have been used for a number of years. Dr. Nancy Leveson (2002) has developed a new model of accidents using a systems approach. The new model is called Systems Theoretic Accident...
Abstract: In order to manage the performance of socio-technical systems in a safe and sustainable way, the importance of looking at human and organisational factors (HOF) and their contribution to adverse events is widely recognised. In reality,...
https://www.orr.gov.uk/guidance-compliance/rail/health-safety/strategy/rm3
https://www.eurocontrol.int/project/human-performance EUROCONTROL
https://www.rssb.co.uk/safety-and-health/improving-safety-health-and-wellbeing/understanding-human-factors/applying-human-factors-to-improve-performance RSSB
https://www.era.europa.eu/activities/safety-culture_en#meeting5 ERA
https://www.era.europa.eu/safety-culture-model/ ERA
https://www.era.europa.eu/activities/safety-culture/safety-leadership ERA
https://www-pub.iaea.org/MTCD/Publications/PDF/Pub882_web.pdf INSAG No. 4
https://www.shop-etf.com/en/towards-a-positive-railway-safety-culture UIC
https://www.eurocontrol.int/publication/understanding-safety-culture-air-traffic-management EUROCONTROL
https://www.orr.gov.uk/guidance-compliance/rail/health-safety/strategy/rm3
https://www.era.europa.eu/sites/default/files/activities/docs/introduction_to_european_railway_safety_culture_model_en.pdf ERA
https://issuu.com/railpro/docs/rp_dec21_issue_278_issuu_pre-press
https://issuu.com/railpro/docs/rp_oct21_issue_276_issuu_final?fr=sYTI1NTI2NDYxNjI&mc_cid=6020eaa4bf&mc_eid=7a3fcb6fe4
Abstract: The objective of this paper is to present the human factors training methodology in Adif and its theoretical bases. This methodology represents a different way of understanding safety, more focused on what to do and what to know than how to do...
Studying organisational cultures and their effects on safety Abstract: How do organisational cultures influence safety? To answer this question requires a strategy for investigating organisational culture. By far the most widely used research strategy...
Abstract: Objective: What is the influence of general management trends and safety research on managing safety? Method: A literature study which is limited to original English and Dutch books, documents, and articles in relevant scientific journals, for...
Just culture Skybrary
Patient Safety HAS (Haute autorité de Santé)
Addressing cultural aspects of organisations in high risk industries
Safety Culture Railway Association of Canada (RAC)
Safety Culture ERA official site
Towards the European Railway Safety Culture Model Abstract In 2017, the European Union Agency for Railways launched an ambitious programme to foster the development of a positive safety culture across European railways. The programme includes the design...
The Essentials of Safety Culture ICSI
Leadership in Safety Working group Leadership in safety (ICSI)
Human and Organizational Factors of Safety - State of the art FONCSI
https://www.era.europa.eu/safety-culture-model/#en
What are Human Factors? Human Factors is one of those terms that everybody has heard of, but the full scope of what human factors covers isn’t always obvious. Human Factors (the American term), ergonomics (the UK term), or Human and Organisational...
https://www.railpro.co.uk/may-2021/what-is-a-safety-culture-anyway RAIL Professional
https://www.sparkrail.org/Lists/Records/DispForm.aspx?ID=24183
https://www.sparkrail.org/Lists/Records/DispForm.aspx?ID=22292 Abstract: The aim of this guide is to provide practical information and advice on how to create a culture of continuous safety improvement and to reduce duplication of effort and resources...
Online Launch of the European Rail Safety Climate Survey
ERA - Activities - Safety Management System - Human and Organisational Factors (HOF)
How to organise the integration of human and organisational factors: the implementation of a network of specialists at SNCF
Organisational and human aspects of safety at border crossings
What are the key HOF issues? In 2015, SNCF launched a major safety program (called PRISME) to improve its overall safety performance. As baseline of this program, the company has deployed a Just & Fair (J&F) approach to create a climate of trust...
What are the key HOF issues? In 2020, SNCF became a unified public group composed by several anonymous companies. Given the status change, it was important to provide a common and unique definition of Safety Culture for the entire SNCF group. By...
What are the key HOF issues? Training is a key aspect in the cultural transformation and the improvement of the safety culture. The Renfe Group has designed in its e-learning platform the course “CREATING A SAFETY...
What are the key HOF issues? The Strategic Plan of Renfe contains an ambitious transformation programme based on digitalisation and safety culture. A key aspect of the programme is the development of a confidential reporting system of near misses that...
What are the key HOF issues? With the influx of HOF specialists in 2008, the Traction Department (SNCF Voyageurs) has undertaken in-depth work to develop the non-technical skills of train drivers. Our work was based on the scientific definition of...
What are the key HOF issues? Despite the ongoing efforts from industry to improve safety and performance, there is an indication that we are now seeing diminishing returns in investments into improvements that the rail industry makes. It is important...
What are the key HOF issues? The Safety Management Intelligence System, known to many as SMIS, is the rail industry’s on-line health and safety reporting and business intelligence software. It collects and provides access to information on thousands of...
What are the key HOF issues? When we are talking about a "Human Factors" approach, generally we are positively received at the beginning. First, there is curiosity, a desire to know quite more about this new point of view. In a second time, our...
What are the key HOF issues? Present day An EXPRO meeting is a monthly organised multidisciplinary meeting. The meeting is commonly organised by the department of Safety Culture. It revolves around the discussion of operational incidents or accidents....
What are the key HOF issues? The aim of a comprehensive handling of safety incidents is to find the root causes of the incident. Once these are known, development measures can be planned and implemented to prevent similar incidents or to reduce the...
What are the key HOF issues? The immediate cause of signals passed at danger is often a lapse in concentration by a driver on approach to the signal. This can mean that the obvious focus for an investigation is on the actions (or inactions) of the...
What are the key HOF issues? Great Britain’s National Freight Safety Group (NFSG) identified a lack of understanding on the condition of freight vehicles prior to their entry to the rail network from freight yards. RSSB’s Annual Health and Safety Report...
What are the key HOF issues? Irish Rail identified a need to refresh our senior managers on safety leadership, to highlight the importance of leading by example and to create awareness of the pivotal role of leaders in shaping the safety culture of the...
https://www.iso.org/standard/63787.html
https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A32016L0798
https://www.orr.gov.uk/media/10885
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Fw3SwEXc3PU
https://skybrary.aero/enhancing-safety/just-culture/about-just-culture/just-culture-manifesto
https://skybrary.aero/articles/risk-management
https://www.orr.gov.uk/media/15720
https://www.rssb.co.uk/standards-catalogue/CatalogueItem/ris-3119-tom-iss-3
https://www.era.europa.eu/activities/common-safety-methods_en ERA
Abstract: This chapter focuses on a systems-based technique for accident analysis, referred to as the AcciMap approach." The technique involves the construction ofa multilayered diagram in which the various causes of an accident are arranged according...
Abstract: Risk management has a number of accident causation models that have been used for a number of years. Dr. Nancy Leveson (2002) has developed a new model of accidents using a systems approach. The new model is called Systems Theoretic Accident...
Abstract: In order to manage the performance of socio-technical systems in a safe and sustainable way, the importance of looking at human and organisational factors (HOF) and their contribution to adverse events is widely recognised. In reality,...
https://www.orr.gov.uk/guidance-compliance/rail/health-safety/strategy/rm3
https://www.eurocontrol.int/project/human-performance EUROCONTROL
https://www.rssb.co.uk/safety-and-health/improving-safety-health-and-wellbeing/understanding-human-factors/applying-human-factors-to-improve-performance RSSB
https://www.era.europa.eu/activities/safety-culture_en#meeting5 ERA
https://www.era.europa.eu/safety-culture-model/ ERA
https://www.era.europa.eu/activities/safety-culture/safety-leadership ERA
https://www-pub.iaea.org/MTCD/Publications/PDF/Pub882_web.pdf INSAG No. 4
https://www.shop-etf.com/en/towards-a-positive-railway-safety-culture UIC
https://www.eurocontrol.int/publication/understanding-safety-culture-air-traffic-management EUROCONTROL
https://www.orr.gov.uk/guidance-compliance/rail/health-safety/strategy/rm3
https://www.era.europa.eu/sites/default/files/activities/docs/introduction_to_european_railway_safety_culture_model_en.pdf ERA
https://issuu.com/railpro/docs/rp_dec21_issue_278_issuu_pre-press
https://issuu.com/railpro/docs/rp_oct21_issue_276_issuu_final?fr=sYTI1NTI2NDYxNjI&mc_cid=6020eaa4bf&mc_eid=7a3fcb6fe4
Abstract: The objective of this paper is to present the human factors training methodology in Adif and its theoretical bases. This methodology represents a different way of understanding safety, more focused on what to do and what to know than how to do...
Studying organisational cultures and their effects on safety Abstract: How do organisational cultures influence safety? To answer this question requires a strategy for investigating organisational culture. By far the most widely used research strategy...
Abstract: Objective: What is the influence of general management trends and safety research on managing safety? Method: A literature study which is limited to original English and Dutch books, documents, and articles in relevant scientific journals, for...
Just culture Skybrary
Patient Safety HAS (Haute autorité de Santé)
Addressing cultural aspects of organisations in high risk industries
Safety Culture Railway Association of Canada (RAC)
Safety Culture ERA official site
Towards the European Railway Safety Culture Model Abstract In 2017, the European Union Agency for Railways launched an ambitious programme to foster the development of a positive safety culture across European railways. The programme includes the design...
The Essentials of Safety Culture ICSI
Leadership in Safety Working group Leadership in safety (ICSI)
Human and Organizational Factors of Safety - State of the art FONCSI
https://www.era.europa.eu/safety-culture-model/#en
What are Human Factors? Human Factors is one of those terms that everybody has heard of, but the full scope of what human factors covers isn’t always obvious. Human Factors (the American term), ergonomics (the UK term), or Human and Organisational...
https://www.railpro.co.uk/may-2021/what-is-a-safety-culture-anyway RAIL Professional
https://www.sparkrail.org/Lists/Records/DispForm.aspx?ID=24183
https://www.sparkrail.org/Lists/Records/DispForm.aspx?ID=22292 Abstract: The aim of this guide is to provide practical information and advice on how to create a culture of continuous safety improvement and to reduce duplication of effort and resources...
Online Launch of the European Rail Safety Climate Survey
ERA - Activities - Safety Management System - Human and Organisational Factors (HOF)
How to organise the integration of human and organisational factors: the implementation of a network of specialists at SNCF
Organisational and human aspects of safety at border crossings
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